Hair-hashish analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hair-hashish examination - Essay Example The debates pulled in demonstrations of viciousness and intermittent dangers during the early long stretches of the show, and even turned into a premise of lawful activities when the show opened on visit and different urban areas. Another explanation that bolsters the subject of the paper is the idea of topics utilized in the 1960 flower child development. The subjects are portrayed as far as targets, objectives, and convictions of the flower children. A portion of the subjects showed in â€Å"Hashish† came because of fights by American adolescents on an inappropriate things they considered such to be: natural annihilation, bigotry, sexual restraint and sexism, defilement in legislative issues, depersonalization from innovations, and viciousness. â€Å"Hashish† shows prohibitive sexual orientation jobs and the dismissal of segregation (Horn 176). This was an image of equity among ladies and men. A mainstream subject represented in â€Å"Hashish† is the medication use. In the tune, Hair Cast discusses medicate use among the age and addresses the upheaval. The medication issue has been seriously tended to as a multiplication in the network of all mind-set changing, unlawful and genuinely risky medications. The medications additionally lead to issues, for example, wrongdoing, danger of wrongdoing, illness, savagery, loss of profitability, developing number of clients in government assistance of people in general, congestion of the punitive establishments, clog of court framework, redirection of duty from beneficial territories, disintegration of our social liberties, and defilement of law implementation offices. Hair Cast in â€Å"Hashish† tune, addresses the subject of medication scene through the angles included, for example, repentant mind-set and discouraged tone highlighted in the verses. Medication use was related with bareness and sexual opportunity. This was a subject of reputation and debate. Bareness... In outline, this examination paper has tended to the subjects of the tune in detail and showed how the parts of the melody, for example, melodic tone, structure and verses speak to the referenced topics. This has been done through tuning in to the tune and investigating the verses and tone and other explicit parts of the tune that speak to the subjects. It is essential to take note of that â€Å"Hashish† by Hair Cast adopts a striking strategy in tending to the dissociative counter culture, sedate use and scene and individual concerns, for example, race and clan, sexuality among other touchy subjects in sixties. The subjects are reflected through parts of the tune, for example, tone, structure, foundation, music and verses. This paper has outlined an examination of parts of â€Å"Hashish† from Hair in sixties, and how the melody identifies with sixties both all in all and as individual development through the melodic tone and structure and tune foundation and verses.

Assignment 7 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Task 7 - Research Paper Example Also, the kept observing of care will help the clinical specialist in understanding where to begin and in checking whether the enhancements are continued. Along the course of the fall avoidance program, the clinical professional should assess the fall rates occurring at the emergency clinic just as the adequacy of the fall counteraction technique. The quality improvement model should involve the standard checking of the clinical results of the emergency clinic; the marker is the quantity of falls per 1000 patient bed days. The subsequent region to be observed is the consideration forms actualized; the markers to be caught incorporate the elements energizing fall dangers and the activities taken to diminish a patient’s danger of falling. The third zone to be checked is the foundation expected to help the prescribed procedures being looked for, and the markers to be caught remember the support of the preventive group for an interdisciplinary style (Oldrich, Kalman and Nigolian, 2012). In building up the proportions of following the factors of fall rates and the adequacy of fall anticipation techniques under execution, the clinical professional and the medical clinic, all in all, should address two significant inquiries. These inquiries incorporate 1) what direction can empower the gatherings to quantify the paces of falls and fall-related wounds and 2) what direction will empower the gatherings to gauge the viability of the fall-counteraction methodologies actualized? All through the way toward actualizing the fall counteraction program, the emergency clinic and the staffs managing the fall anticipation program should check the accompanying result zones: Regardless of whether episode reports were modified, in a way that permitted the clinical work force to cover progressively explicit zones in care conveyance, especially the zones that are viewed as components expanding or

7 Ways to Generate Referrals Without Cold-Calling

7 Ways to Generate Referrals Without Cold-Calling When we were kids, our nightmares were mostly based on ghosts, monsters and scary creatures our imagination lead us into believing they exist.As we grew older and changed, even our frights and fears evolved. If you are a businessman, entrepreneur, sales guru or a salesman at the beginning of the career, there must be one thing you are not a big fan of cold calls.What are cold calls?Cold calling is sales technic based on forming the contact with someone who hasn’t heard about our brand, service or a product, with the main aim of convincing them into buying your product, saying yes to your service or cooperation.So basically, your main task is to raise awareness about your company and score leads you can generate into sales.This technique can really upscale results, therefore it was really popular and efficient back in the days.However, people have changed since then, and it’s a bare fact that they don’t enjoy answering calls coming from unknown numbers or picking up their phone just to realize somebody is trying to sell them something.You probably feel the same when somebody tries to reach your private phone and amaze you with their offer (that most of the times you don’t need at all) and that’s why there is so much inconvenience when it comes to cold calling.People feel uncomfortable performing cold calls, potential customers share their discomfort, and there goes the effort you put into the wind.Does it really have to be like this?Well not, not at all.Developing alongside the technology and society, solid technics to avoid cold calling (yet achieve desired results) have come to our rescue.What are the alternatives and how you and your entire company can generate referrals without cold calling we teach you in the following article.7 WAYS TO GENERATE REFERRALS WITHOUT COLD-CALLINGNow we go deep into each of the 7 technics you can use to generate leads without cold calling.These technics have been proven to bring even better results than cold calling to some companies that chose to master them.If you choose that as well, we don’t doubt you’ll make it to the stars.1. Build Your Network of ReferralsLet’s face it, networking is considered to be one of the most important skills of 21st-century business.There are countless companies and business giants that build everything on the strong connections they had.Its true, building a strong network you can rely on isnt easy. And maintaining such a networks loyalty is even harder, but mastering this skill is proven to pay off enormously.You remember how we explained the behavior of an average citizen these days â€" not likely to answer your call as they don’t like being disturbed.On the other hand, we live in a modern world where the most practiced way to socialize is on social media networks.This is not a judgment but an observation â€" people spend more than 3 hours on average each day on their social media.If you check the infographic below, youll notice how much social media ha s developed in previous years and how important it became to us. Source: digitalinformationworld.comNo matter how old your targeted customers are, they will inevitably use technology in their own way.Of course, alongside the difference in age comes a difference in types of the preferred social media network.You can check the popularity of social media networks based on the age of the audience in the marketing chart below. Source: marketingcharts.comThis chart can help you determine where you can find your targeted group based on their interests and hobbies and define your strategy for approach.Don’t get us wrong â€" over usage of social media for entertainment is bad, but using social media in a smart way to get closer to your customers, build your own referral network and increase your business is an amazing opportunity window.Turning your head away from this opportunity would be wasting your business’ potential.In order to avoid that, we want to teach you how to build your network using social media.Start by asking yourself: Why do I use social media in the first place? How do I choose who I want to follow? How do I decide which brands I want to see on my dashboard?”These questions might seem basic, but will get you where you want to go, we promise.After you write down your answers (and it can be anything â€" be honest with yourself) we guarantee that you’ll find at least one common thing fo r all of the answers.Without further a due, we’ll uncover that answer for you: value.You use social media, you follow specific accounts, you choose what you want to see in your feed all with one cause: they bring some special value into your life.Now that you understand this concept, you have to ask yourself what is it that you can offer to your network that will bring values to their lives?Think about this and dont refrain from going deep into this topic.Its crucial to figure out what is your unique value proposition you can offer to your network and make sure you provide them with it constantly.It might sound scary in the first place. You might be wondering “Why do I have to give away my knowledge/skills/product/service for free? Who guarantees it will pay off?”We understand that you feel the risk, but kindly remind you that the scariest moment is always just before you jump.In order to empower you more, we encourage you to:choose a social media network or tool you find most relevant to your field (Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, e-mail, etc.)define one thing your potential customers would find most valuable and possibly couldn’t get from anyone besides youoffer it to them for free for a month a see what happensOffering it for free in this context doesnt mean approaching them individually and offering your services for free like that, but constantly creating and posting content that will add values to their lives and start desire with them to follow you and eventually purchase everything you have to offer.By “giving away” your resources for free, you become more transparent and valued. People recognize what you know and start perceiving you as an expert.Once they see how your free material improves their lives, they will consider buying from you as an investment, not a cost.You will build your referral network and eventually generate even more leads from it.2. Focus on Your Current CustomersIn your search for new customers, it might sound controve rsial to focus on the current ones you have.But it is true.In order to continuously get new customers and ensure growth in sales for the long term, you must redirect the focus of your company on customers.Do you know what the most efficient way to gain somebodys trust is?Think about it from your perspective.If you wanted to buy, for example, a washing machine, you would probably not go just to any store and buy the first one that you see.What would you do in order to feel sure about buying some specific model of a washing machine?You would ask for recommendations, of course!And where do you get recommendations?Well, from happy customers, which means that your current customers need to be your number one focus if you want to grow your business.We have to mention social media once again and the huge effect it has on our lives.Sometimes we dont even ask our friends but check online what are people that we believe know the best are saying about some product.You can think about this as a n additional marketing strategy and engage an influencer to help you generate new leads.All in all, word-to-mouth marketing is a powerful tool. If you use it correctly, it can bring a lot to your business.And all you have to do is devote yourself to your customers and become completely customer-centric. They will know how to appreciate it and reward you for it.For example, you can ask them to recommend your brand if their expectations were met, and in most cases, they will do so.On the other hand, you probably wont even have to ask them, as people enjoy sharing the good things and news with others, so they will either tell their friends and family about your company or post a picture on social media where they will praise you.There’s no better promotion than the one coming from people who have experienced what you have to offer. Source: dunnhumby.com3. Ensure that Your Product is What the Market Needs at the MomentDo you know how many entrepreneurs fail each year just because they have taught that their idea is the best and that it will change the world?A lot, really a lot.The fact is, every idea is a good idea, but not every idea is good for each moment and each market. Thats what you have to think about.Instead of calling people and trying to sell them your product, how about researching whether they actually need your product or find it relevant for their lives?Please do not feel offended, as we believe that what you have to offer is really unique and something special.But we are not your customers, so the only group whose opinion you should worship is that of your customers.How to know what your customers think about you?Its really easy.There are different ways to approach your potential customers (without cold calling) and figure out whether your product makes a positive impact on their lives and adds v alue to it.There are a lot of forms, quizzes, and surveys you can ask your target group to fill in.The problem starts to develop when you have to recognize who was actually honest with you and whose opinion is relevant and useful for your idea.There is a good book every entrepreneur should read, and it talks about communication with (potential) customers and getting to the bottom of your market (figuratively).The book is called The mom test by Rob Fitzpatrick, and it teaches you how to ask the right questions in order to get honest answers.It is the perfect book for you to learn how to figure out whether your offer is actually needed in your market right now.Btw, its called The mom test because usually its toughest to get the honest opinion from our moms because they are always overprotective and want us to be happy, even if the cost for that is to lie and say something good about our product/service/company that they actually dont believe.Once you figure out how to ask good questio ns, go out and ask people.After you collect feedback, youll have a clear picture of how relevant your product to your market actually is, as well as what exactly you should do in order to make it more customer oriented.Once you get at least a couple of people on board with your product and ensure that their expectations are met, you will generate referrals more easily than you can imagine right now.4. Collect Feedback as It is Made Out of GoldAnd it really is! Someone once told me The best present you can get is honest feedback, and thats true.You can learn so much from the feedback you get and improve your product/service/company based on it.Who can help you improve your offer than people who end up using it?Make sure that you collect feedback regularly. It can be on a monthly bases through the general messaging system (a common newsletter or email for all customers) or more personalized approach (sending the message, calling each person to check on their satisfaction after the pu rchase, etc.).We recommend the more personalized one as this is the way to show that you care.By asking customers how satisfied they are with your product and service, you show that you care about their opinion and satisfaction and destroys any idea of you being in this business only for the money.So don’t be afraid of negative feedback!You should really appreciate when customers are being honest with you, as that shows that they believe in your brand and potential for improvement and want to stick around and help you get even better, so they can enjoy even more.“The mom test” should also help you learn how to collect feedback in a way that guarantees it’s honest.Getting the answers should definitely not be your last destination, as now the most important step is to analyze the data you have collected and built strategies for improvement. Its not easy to make modifications and improvements, but you have to stick to it until you reach your goal.The difference between the lead ers in the market and average players is that the best ones do all necessary things to become and stay the best, while the average ones only think about and talk about what they should improve.Talk the talk and walk the walk.Embrace the feedback, put your customer in the first place, define strategies for improvements and execute on them!Your current customers will notice the difference and make the extra effort to recommend you to everyone around themselves.5. Build Referral ProgramsTactics and strategies are half of the work nowadays, so why don’t we build a special tactic increase number of referrals? You’ve seen this before definitely.Almost every successful company build a referral program in order to gain more referrals.CEOs who are smart enough will recognize this opportunity as an amazing investment that can bring them a lot of new customers.If you, for example, charge for your product 300 dollars and promise to give your customer 50 dollars discount for next purchase if they bring you a new customer, you will highly increase your chances of getting that new customer.We all know somebody who knows somebody who could benefit from products and services we use as well on a regular basis.If we are satisfied with what we are getting and have an intention of purchasing it more in the future, why wouldnt we refer it to somebody we know could benefit from purchasing it as well?People sometimes need a little push, and thats exactly the effect you are going to get if you establish such program.Imagine that one satisfied customer refers to 10 new ones. That means that you would earn an additional 3000 dollars thanks to the recommendation.If you are afraid that it just isnt worth the effort when you give the customer their deserved share (10 x 50 dollars = 500 dollars), think again.Even without those 500 dollars, you have earned 2500 dollars, you wouldnt have if it werent for your customers recommendations.Some companies even build internal referral programs, specially designed for employees. if the culture in your company or organization is healthy and your employees enjoy working, you will have a higher chance of getting referrals.Just by promoting their work in your company, they raise awareness of your product.If you reward them by increasing their salary for some percentage each time they get you 10 new referrals, you will find yourself with new customers in no time.Its maybe the simplest way to build a referral program, as employees already have a strong belief in the company.Another interesting thing is that some companies choose to ask people who said “No” to them for referrals.Let’s face it â€" if you have made a contact and connection with somebody already and you see that you can’t close the sale, don’t make your time and work pointless.Offer them to still cooperate with you by referring their friends to you and award them for their help.They might be in love with your offer but just can’t afford it personally righ t now.Be thankful to your customers. Push them a bit to recommend you. Award them for being loyal to your brand and helping you grow your business. 6. Be Present on EventsIf you are familiar with your target group, then you know their habits and hobbies. You know whats important to them and what kind of events they visit.Heres the crazy idea: instead of boring and unpleasant cold calling, how about showing up on the events you know your target groups visits and talking casually and pleasantly about the things that are important to you?Here’s why this is so important:By showing up on events your target group visits, you get to know them and learn about themEven if you go individually, you represent your company and raise awareness about itBy showing up on events, meetups, seminars, and conferences you show that you are keen on learning and improving and that will help you gain peoples trustBy having pleasant talks with your potential customers, you increase your chances of them bec oming actual customersThere are even more positive sides of showing up on events, but lets keep it on this as there are the most important.Were sure that some additional are popping in your mind right now.If thats not the case, make sure you attend an educational event as soon as possible, so you can experience the benefits from the first hand.If there’s a chance for you to score a speaking place in the conference or seminar, you are playing to win.By showing up, sharing your knowledge and adding value to the people who came for the exact reason to gain value, you present yourself as an expert and your company as the one that can provide your target group with solutions.Go where your target group goes.Get to know your target group and build relationships. Share your knowledge and earn their trust.7. Be Unapologetically YouThis one goes without saying, but were going to say it anyway. Be yourself! Be authentic! Show your unique value proposition!Dont try to copy others and try thin gs that aren’t aligned with the brand you want to build just because it works for other people. It won’t work for you if it’s not true to your values.Bear in mind the fact that your product or service cant be good for and liked by everyone.Its the hard truth, and sooner you learn it, sooner youll devote yourself to people who actually value your company and what you have to offer. And that is the only important thing.If you present your brand too diverse and shop up in a lot of different fields, nobody is going to believe that you are an expert in anything.And you won’t be, due to the lack of focus.Instead of trying to be good for everyone, present everywhere, and somebody you obviously are not, stay true to your values, brand, and customers, as this will bring you more referrals than just showing up with average performance in different branches would ever.CONCLUSIONWhether you are a sales person eager to close more deals, CEO or entrepreneur, we believe that these technics will be more than enough for you to generate referrals and grow your business.Always remember to stay true to your values, put your customers in the first place and use all your resources wisely, and we strongly believe that everyone would recommend you and your business with huge joy.Good luck and stay the best!

The Overall Effects of Staying Up Late on University Students

Eng 105 Research Topic- The Overall Effects of Staying Up Late On University Students Submitted by: Farhan Rashid Ahmed Ansari ID- 0910711030 SEC-2 Date of Submission- 20.12.2011 Acknowledgement The reason for choosing this particular topic was because of my parents, especially my mother who has taken care of me for all these years. My mother has always ensured that I have proper sleep. Hence, I ended up writing a research paper regarding sleep. I would also like to thank all my respondents for filling up my questionnaire with patience. Abstract The topic for this particular research paper is â€Å"The Overall Effects Of Staying Up Late On University Students†. The reason behind choosing this specific topic is due to the fact that a†¦show more content†¦The definition of sleep is defined by Wikipedia as â€Å"a naturally recurring state characterized by reduced or absent consciousness, relatively suspended sensory activity and inactivity of nearly all voluntary muscles†. This particular definition may be difficult to understand for those who are not involved in the medical field due to the technical jargons which have been used. In other words sleep means to rest with your eyes closed and your mind and body not active. As it is mentioned sleep is a type of rest but it is by no means an ordinary one. Sleep is the pinnacle of all rests, which is why it is that important for any living creature, especially for children, teenagers and even university students. Hence the topic of this specific paper is â₠¬Å"The Overall Effects Of Staying Up Late On University Students†. We may not give sleep the equal importance as money, yet it is hard to imagine our lives without sleep. After a newborn baby is born the infant sleeps most of the time because it is important for the health of the baby. Sleeps does not only play a crucial part on a baby’s health. But sleep plays a crucial role on teenagers and adults as well. University students, particularly the ones who are pursuing their undergraduate degree fall in the category of young adults. There is a common trend of staying up late at night, which is evident among university students. It may seem thatShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation of College Students1197 Words   |  5 PagesSleep Deprivation of college students It is 11:30 in the morning and the lecture started half an hour ago. The classroom is still half empty. Although half of the class is here, they don’t look like awake. Most of them look like zombies. The above scenario is a common condition taken place in colleges. A research done by Tsui,YY, et al (2009) shows that two thirds of the participating students reported sleep deprivation. The poor sleep quality results in their zombie looks and poor attendantsRead MoreSleep Deprivation of College Students1182 Words   |  5 PagesSleep Deprivation of college students It is 11:30 in the morning and the lecture started half an hour ago. The classroom is still half empty. Although half of the class is here, they don’t look like awake. Most of them look like zombies. The above scenario is a common condition taken place in colleges. A research done by Tsui,YY, et al (2009) shows that two thirds of the participating students reported sleep deprivation. The poor sleep quality results in their zombie looks and poor attendants inRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students987 Words   |  4 Pages† 2015). As a population, college students are notorious for their skewed sleep patterns and their overall lack of getting the sufficient number of hours of sleep they need to perform optimally in school. Cramming the night before exams by pulling an â€Å"all-nighter† as well as the overall excessive number of distractions that present themselves with college life seem to interfere with students’ sleep. 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It is essential for achieving personal wellness, similar to how a nutritious diet and exercise are needed in order to be healthy. However, the stereotype of college students sometimes staying awake extremely late at night in order to finish their assignments still persists. This is a very unhealthy lifestyle choice if it is done repeatedly. In order forRead MoreEffects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students1587 Words   |  7 PagesA great deal of students experience issues related to sleep when coming to college. These issues in sleep can be related to stress, going out and coming home late, or difficulties in adjusting to the college life. There are many ways college students are able to seek help for their difficulties in sleep. Sleep deprivation cannot only cause fatigue but also health issues such as a weakened immune system. College is said to be one of the best times of someone’s life, but with sleep difficulties itRead MoreUnhealthy Habits in the Greek Community at USC Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pagespart of the college Un experience. This past fall, students from Arizona State University flocked to campus for the USC vs. ASU football game. However, very few actually came for the football game itself. They came to experience the infamous parties hosted my USC Greek life. This is not an isolated case. USC Greek life prides itself on the reputation that it has built. Thursday night parties are not only reputable, as being epic by USC students but by the college community as a whole. However, theRead MoreA Study On How Sleep Disorder Affects Mental And Physical Development Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesstands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, according to WebMD it’s a condition with symptoms such as inattentiveness, impulsivity and hyperactivity. The sleep problem range from falling asleep to staying asleep. More precisely Children with ADHD have trouble sta ying still in on place, staying focused and controlling their behavior and emotions. This can very much lead to poor social skills, isolation and poor academic performance. Murphy(2012) suggested that the children whose sleep was affectedRead More Service Learning in College Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesService Learning in College Service learning provides college students with a whole new method of learning. This type of learning provides a student with an experience outside of the classroom in their area of concentration. Emily Knab, a college student at the University of Miami, has experienced service learning and found it very beneficial in her area of interest. Emily is studying education and wants to become a teacher in the future. She performed her service learning atRead MoreA Virtual Generation: Social Media ´s Negative Impact on Our Generation820 Words   |  4 Pagesworld) and what risks they were setting themselves up for. Social media doesn’t only affect adults, it also affects students’ test scores and overall grade point average. Is staying connected with friends more important than grades? Social media has significantly impacted grade point averages among young students. According to Socialnetworking, †Students who used social networking sites while studying scored 20% lower on tests[than students studying without distraction]† Not only does this

Using the PHP Function to Find When a File Was Modified

If your website contains time-sensitive information—or even if it doesnt—you may want to display the last time a file was modified on the website. This gives users an accurate idea of how up to date the information on a page is. You can automatically draw this information from the file itself using the ​filemtime() PHP function. The filemtime() PHP function retrieves the Unix timestamp from the file. The date function converts the Unix timestamp time. This timestamp indicates when the file was last changed. Example Code to Display File Modification Date   When you use this code,  replace myfile.txt with the actual name of the file you are dating.​ ?php // outputs myfile.txt was last modified: December 29 2002 22:16:23. $filename myfile.txt; if (file_exists($filename)) {  Ã‚  echo $filename was last modified: . date (F d Y H:i:s., filemtime($filename)); } ? Other Uses for Filemtime() Function In addition to time-stamping web articles, the filemtime() function can be used to select all articles older than a specified time for the purpose of deleting all old articles. It can also be used to sort articles by age for other purposes. The function can come in handy when dealing with browser caching. You can force the download of a revised version of a stylesheet or page using the filemtime()  function. Filemtime can be used to capture the modification time of an image or other file on a remote site. Information on Filemtime() Function The results  of the filemtime() function are cached. The  clearstatcache() function clears the cache.If the filemtime () function fails, the code returns false.

Art Review Free Essays

IJerry Saltz takes into consideration how Fischer uses materials that contrast in order to stimulate a mood similar to the mood evoked by a variety of places such as â€Å"the sacredness of churces, the austerity of courtrooms and the mysteriousness of research laboratories† (Saltz, 2007). The utilization of brown earth and stark white walls lends a very erotic energy to this piece; viewing the gallery is an exhilarating experience because the gallery itself is the artwork. Saltz also cites the various inspirations of Fischer’s work; he mentions several names. We will write a custom essay sample on Art Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, Saltz says that Fischer’s â€Å"extraordinary gesture touches on the tradition of indoor earthworks that includes pieces from the sixties and seventies by Gordon Matta-Clark, Robert Smithson, Walter De Maria, Michael Heizer, Chris Burden, and others† (2007). Saltz also likens Fischer’s work to something â€Å"unmoored† like a Tiepolo or a Corregio painting (2007). For Saltz, the greatest significance of You is the way it defies conventions. Over the years, Gavin Brown’s Enterprise has been a venue for artists’ exhibitions such as Chris Ofili, Jake and Dino Chapman, Piotr Uklanski, and Anselm Reyle (2007). Previous exhibitions make artworks look like â€Å"products lined up for sale† but You is a kind of a â€Å"warning sign† because â€Å"it makes fun of these conventions† (2007). This writer agrees with Saltz in that sense because for many people, it is quite a surprise to encounter a gallery that is an artwork in itself. Appreciating You is a thrilling experience it gives the viewer an â€Å"I-can-see-everything† feeling (2007). The viewer feels like he or she is indoors and outdoors at the same time. For the art review essay, this writer will use the effect of the materials and the treatment of landscape and space in contributing a certain mood. Also, this writer will use the composition of the design. How to cite Art Review, Papers

God Concept Essay Example For Students

God Concept Essay The concept of God, or any god, is one that has definite boundaries. There aremany questions that arise concerning the nature of God, or even whether or notthere really is one. The most common god in todays society is God,the Supreme Being worshipped by Muslims as Allah, byJews as Yahweh, and by popular Christianity simply asGod. Generally, He is thought to be in the image of humans, and inmost cases of worshipping this particular deity, He is omnipotent, omniscient,and omnipresent. These beliefs, although they may be canon, are not the beliefsof every person that follows this god. There are many different ways to see andworship Him whom we will refer to simply as God. There are variedpoints of view on God expressed in Gloria Naylors Mama Day, the book of Exodusin the Hebrew Bible, and St. Augustines Confessions. Through these works, onemay see several viewpoints on the same deity, prompting the question, Whois God? There is no definite answer to this query. Instead, as we willsee, t here are many definitions and assumptions that describe God, giving us acomplicated and sometimes contradicting view of God. In Mama Day, a noveldetailing the lives of a closely-knit family on the island of Willow Springs, wecan see God through the eyes of Mama Day, one of the main characters. Mama Day,whose real name is Miranda, views God as a passive deity. She does not feel thatGod intervenes with humans as punishment or rewards humans for things that theydo. This conviction is clear in the story when a hurricane is coming andMirandas sister, Abigail, feels that she has done something to make God send ahurricane. To this Miranda responds, Abigail, stop your foolishness. All God gotin mind is to send you a hurricane? It aint got nothing to do with us, we justbystanders on this earth. Sometimes I think we was only a second thought-and apoor second thought at that (228). Even though Miranda and Abigail are sistersand were probably raised similarly, they view God in two very differen t ways. While Mirandas philosophy on Gods lack of intervention holds strong, she doesbelieve God to be all-powerful. This is evident when she states, The pastwas gone, just as gone as it could be. And only God could change thefuture (138). Although Miranda does not think that what people are doingon Earth will affect what God does, she does believe that in the end God willhold each person accountable for what he or she has done. This can be seen onthe Island of Willow Springs where Mirandas thoughts are, Thatll be herdefense at Judgement: Lord, I called out three times. Miranda thinks thisafter she knocks on Rubys house three times before setting her house up to getstruck by lightning. This is a prime example of her theology. By preparing thehouse for lightning, she is controlling where the lightning goes, a feat thatsome people, such as her sister, would attribute to God. Had Augustine, theauthor of Confessions, been there he would have likely believed that God causedthe lightening. Augusti ne, in contrast to Miranda, believed that God had apurpose in mind for everything that happens on Earth. This is apparent whenAugustine proclaims, It was, then by your guidance that I was persuaded togo to Rome and teach there the subjects which I taught at Carthage (BookV, Chapter 8). Augustine goes on to state his belief that God has sent him toRome to convert him to Christianity. This is indicative of Augustines beliefthat everything that happens on Earth is Gods will. This is directlycontradictory to Mirandas view that is that God does not intervene with peoplewhile they are still on Earth. Augustine also depicts God as being merciful. .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0 , .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0 .postImageUrl , .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0 , .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0:hover , .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0:visited , .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0:active { border:0!important; } .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0:active , .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0 .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub996e45701144676921fe33421f459a0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Homophobia And Hate Crimes As A Result EssayThis is clear when he refers to God as God of mercy (Book V, Chapter9) and again when he proclaims, God, let me acknowledge your mercy fromthe deepest depths of my soul (Book VII, Chapter 6). Augustine sees God ashaving a purpose for everyone on Earth and as being merciful to all. He evenstates, And yet Lord, even if you had willed that I should not survive mychildhood, I should have owed you gratitude, because you are our God, thesupreme Good, the Creator and Ruler of the universe (I 20). Augustine views Godas the supreme Good, the god that is merciful to all and helpshumanity while they are still on Earth. The picture we get of God from theHebrew Bible is much different from Augustines depiction of God. While Exodusstill portrays God as intervening in the Hebrews lives there are questions thatmay be asked about Gods mercy. In Exodus 7-12:42, God sends a set of plagues tothe land of Egypt where the Hebrews, His people, are being held as slaves. Augustine would agree that this is one of His generous acts, as He is usingthese plagues to free His people. Augustine, however, may not acknowledge thesuffering of the Egyptians. The plagues were directed towards these Egyptiansand their pharaoh in an attempt to free the Hebrews. The tenth and most wellknown of these plagues was the killing of the firstborn of Egypt-the plague thathas given us the holiday of the Passover. Gods omnipotence is definitely shownwhen the firstborn children of Egypt fall, but those of the faithful Israelitesdo not. Exodus 12:27 reads, It is the passover sacrifice to the Lord, forhe passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt, when he struck down theEgyptians but spared or houses. It is true that the Israelites have beenglorified by this action of God, but what of the Egyptians? In this, a factor ofGods personality has been shown that does not quite match that of Augustine. God is vengeful and jealous. He resorts to killing the firstborn of Egypt, someof them innocent and just, simply to help free His people. One may ask thequestion, was it necessary? If God can move mountains and have the compassionand mercy that St. Augustine has given Him, was there not a better way ofgetting the Israelites out of Egypt? Terence E. Fretheim, author of ExodusInterpretation points out that, even with the joy associated with newfoundfreedom, Israel, like its God, voices no pleasure in the deaths of thesepersons (Fretheim 140). This is true according to Exodus 12:29-36. neitherthe Israelites nor their God rejoice at the deaths of the Egyptians. It is alsopointed out that, it is appropriate to speak of judgment, and Pharaohsgenocidal decision to kill all Hebrew baby boys (Fretheim 140). Whenviewing the Passover with this perspective, it is hard to see God as anythingbut just to some extent when, in fact, God is taking an eye for aneye. In reading the previous selections f rom Fretheim one can see that theauthors view of God is that He is just and does only what is called for in theway of punishment. Umberto Caussuto, author of A Commentary on the Book ofExodus, does not try to explain why God killed the firstborn of every Egyptianhousehold. In refraining from such an analysis, one may infer that Caussutobelieves that God is great enough not to be questioned on the matter of what hedoes. Caussuto seems more concerned with the idea of Pharaoh being completelyhumble. and Pharaoh rose up in the night-the proud king is forced to risefrom his bed at night (an unroyal procedure) (Caussuto 145). Caussuto goeson to say that the pharaoh spoke tersely and jerkily, in words [in theHebrew} of one or two syllables only (145). Caussuto therefore views Godas being so sophisticated in his thoughts and actions that He is unquestionable. .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6 , .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6 .postImageUrl , .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6 , .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6:hover , .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6:visited , .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6:active { border:0!important; } .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6:active , .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6 .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5d7a707e33c35d0cd848b810cb1a03a6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Legality Of Same Sex Marriages! EssayIn these two interpretations of Exodus, and my own in the previous paragraph, ithas been shown that as few as three people reading the same piece of literatureinterpret the literature very differently, especially when the literature dealswith theology. If all of these opinions of Gods actions and purposes aredifferent, then it is no wonder that God himself is viewed differently by manypeople. I view God as being incomprehensible to anyone, no matter what his orher IQ or knowledge of anything is. I believe God is omnipotent and omniscient. While I cannot imagine God doing anything wrong, I often find myself questioningGod. I agree more with Miranda than I do with Augustine in that people get whatthey deserve on Judgement Day-not on Earth. If I believed as Augustine does Iwould have to come up with the reason God has for allowing pedophile. I believethat while God could stop anything that happens on Earth he chooses not tobecause He wants to see what will happen naturally. Augustine Confessions. BibliographyR.S. Pine-Coffin, New York: Penguin Classics, 1967. Cassuto, U., A Commentaryon the Book of Exodus. Translated by Israel Abrahams, Jerusalem: The MagnesPress, 1967. Fretheim, Terence, Interpretation Exodus. Lousiville: John KnoxPress, 1992. Naylor, Gloria. Mama Day. New York: Vintage Contemporaries, 1993.

Web Advertising Essay Example For Students

Web Advertising Essay web advertising web advertising Web Advertising Web advertising, not to mention the Internet itself, finds itself in a stage of relative infancy and therefore provides marketers with novel challenges and situations which need to be dealt with caution . The realm of Web advertising is unchartered terri tory! In terms of South Africa, the country finds itsef somewhat behind technologically. However, this may not prove to be a disadvantage as the uncertain nature of Web advertising may make a policy of watching and learning most viable. What implications will this new technology have for marketing? What is the nature of Web advertising? How can a business use the medium effectively ? Where is all this going ? These questions appear to be most pertinent in the process of understanding interact ive marketing on the Internet. The qualified opinion of John Matthee, a Web site designer employed by Adept Internet (an Internet service provider), was sought in accumulation of a large sum of the following data. This seems appropriate as the novelty of Web advertising at this stage h as led to generral lack of academic data in the practicalities of advertising via this medium. 2) THE INTERNET: AN INTRODUCTION 2.1) Original development of the Internet What was originally created by the US military to provide a secure means of communication in case of nuclear war, which has now become known as the Internet, has metamorphosed into the strategic global communications tool of our era. The end of the cold w ar left this massive installed structure initially dubbed ARPANET- without much of a purpose. Soon universities, major corporations and governments began to piggyback on to the global framework, extending its reach and commercialising it. Known as the N et to aficionados, the Availability of cheap, accessible and easy-to-use Net access points throughout the world has seen the number of global Internet users increase dramatically each month. While the convenience of electronic mail was initial catalyst for Internet growth world wide, its the emergence of the World Wide Web (WWW) multimedia interface that has captured the attention of prospective users across the globe. The resources available on the WWW are as varied as they are extensive. There hundreds of thousands of sites which can be broadly categorised under topics such as sport, entertainment, finance and many more (Perlman, 1996). 2.2) Development of Internet in South Africa Perlman (1996, p 29) ventured that South Africa is major global Internet player. It currently rates in the top 15 in the world terms of Internet growth rates. Local user numbers are certainly fueled by universities, companies and schools. The genesis of South Africas rapid Internet growth seems to stem from UniNet, the Internet service offered to the countries major tertiary institutions and steered from Rhod es University. This explains the phenomenon whereby the majority of local Internet entrepreneurs many of them are und er thirty and already multi-millionaires come from tertiary education backgrounds where they were weaned on readily available Internet access. Popular browser client software for navigating the multimedia WWW includes Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer. On the other end, there exist approximately 30 local companies which call themselves ISPs (Internet Service Providers), which operate in similar fashion to a cellular company such as Vodacom, providing either dial-up connections to the Internet and/or leased line connectivity to companies. This has led to the explosion of a number of related ventures, such as companies who speci alise in producing multimedia web pages (such as Adept Internet), Internet commerce, cable companies and modem suppliers (Perlman, 1996). 2.3) Technological Implications for Marketing Joseph (1996, p. 29) concisely described the situation as such: Marketing, like most business disciplines, is undergoing a period of change as a direct result of the inf ormation revolution. The rapidly declining costs of and increasing power of information processing technology is altering the in which customers and businesses relate to each other. Marketers, however should be cautious not to attempt a quantum leap from more traditional meth ods as this is sure to bring issues such as lack expertise to the fore which could prove disastrous (Steyn, 1996). Essentially, the point is that as a marketing drive, the additional services supplied by technology provides the marketer with the opportunity to gain an edge in the race to win the consumer. More and more, new technology appears to be focusing on the add ition of value. On an individual level, for example, the marketer may use the technology to make himself more accessible to the consumer thus adding to his service levels. A company may realise added value by investing in expensive multimedia kiosks which introduce the subject of interactive marketing (Joseph, 1996). The emergence of new and revol utionary technology forms a double-bladed sword, as it can represent both an opportunity and a threat to the business. In particular, this technology places an interesting and novel challenge on the shoulders of the modern da y marketer. The failure to utilise these developments can put the business at a great competitive disadvantage while even the practical application of the technology can provide major problems caused simply by the novelty of the options, a general lack of expertise and the difficulty of accurate prediction (David, 1997). The process must begin with the individual himself. A marketer who is not pushing the bounds of personal technological progression is most likely not inclined to do the same for the company (Joseph, 1996). Joseph (1996, p.29) concluded that The Internet, multi-faceted appliances and even the creation of new applications for old technology are all the domain of the marketing visionary. 3) THE INTRODUCTION OF INTERACTIVE MARKETING ON THE INTERNET Internationally, the Internet medium is successfully selling everything from nuts and bolts to motorcars, property and traditional mail order products. A pertinent question that arises is: What forces led to either the accidental emergence of interactive marketing on the internet or the realisation of a need for the development of an alternative marketing medium that satisfied specific consumer or marketer needs? Steyn (1996, p.13) introduces the concept of interactive marketing through the words:Interactive marketing uses new technologies to overcome practical database and direct marketing problems whilst building more rewarding customer relationships. From the marketers point of view, interactivity, is the convergence of three main advertising functions or activities: direct marketing, sales promotion and conventional above the line advertising. The developments allowed by interactive marketing throug h the Internet focus mainly on how profitable market segments were identified a nd how these segments were reached. Interactivity allows the opportunity to track individual customers one at a time and to build individual relationships with each. This indic ates the vast benefits that Internet interactivity supply in terms of database formulation, management and utilisation. However, the main challenge that does and will continue to plague advertisers in the future will be persuading the viewer to try the se rvice. Interactivity has three core characteristics: * Offer much more information than a television advertisement. * Requires the conventional copywriting skills combined with those of the direct marketer to turn the browsing viewers into sales prospects. * The emphasis, simply due the nature of the medium, is more likely to be on sales promotion type tools to entice the viewers to visit an ad and then on constantly refreshing the content and creative treatment, to ensure that they revisit it (Steyn, 1996) . The issues of the nature of the Internet as an ad vertising medium and the creation and maintenance of an Internet web site are addressed fully in sections 7) and 6.3) respectively. CD-ROM technology is unique in its ability to combine vital parts of promotion, that is: print, audio and visual messages in a package that can be distributed according to a random access database. (Steyn, 1996). Clever marketers are using the medium to draw buyers closer to their companies as a whole and not just closer to the products or services they provide. This emphasises the advantages interactive marketing provides in terms of creating stronger, more unde rstanding relationships with consumers. The introduction of interactive marketing and specifically interactive advertising heralds the beginning of an era where customers will choose the advertising they wish to see, when they want to see it. This proves to be a hallmark of the contemporary con sumer who is far more informed than his blindly accepting predecessors have been. Consumers of today are evermore demanding personalised attention from businesses that wish to serve them. Furthermore, the very fact that the modern consumer is better infor med fuels his need for informed transactions with businesses. The modern consumer wants to know what product he is buying, what its detailed characteristics are, how he can expect it to perform, what alternatives he is faced with and why he should pay the offered price for it. The nature of interactive marketing on the Internet provides an ideal medium for the satisfaction of the demanding modern day consumer. It is obviously of critical importance that a marketer recognises these needs and develops syste ms for satisfying them, hence, interactive marketing on the Internet. Steyn (1996, p.13) boldly concludes that There is therefore no doubt that interactive marketing is helping to overcome practical database and direct marketing problems while building more rewarding customer relationships. Online shopping Online shopping is an e lement of interactive marketing that has found itself under the spotlight since its recent inception. Virtual retail sites on the Web continue to grow. Some sites are purely promotional while on the other extreme consumers are promised the lowest prices as the product is drop-shipped directly from the manufacturer (Swart, 1996). Anyhow, the Internet as a shopping mall has not enjoyed a favourable reputation as it is seen as a golden opportunity for sophisticated thieves to obtain credit card numbers from the cable. As a result businesses have shied from any Net-based commerce. As a result the Web has been trapped in a form of time warp, usable only as an information medium and not as a transaction medium. Of the thousands of South African companies on the Web, few offer anything more than highly informative web sites which still leave the consumer wondering: I wish the Internet could take me that one step further, SAFELY. However, the tide is swiftly changing due to bold technology and business moves. The improved security and growth if the electronic-commerce infrastructure ha s prompted optimistic projections for the future of interactive online sales. Furthermore, South Africa suffers from an intolerable postal problem and an effective home delivery system would have to be developed for home shopping to be viable (Rath, 1997). However, thoughts of an unrivalled ability to compare products, to be provid ed with product information and to be shown product demonstrations and alternative views will spur the quest for a workable online shopping system with great urgency. Recently a groundbreaking development in online shopping was made by M-Web in collaboration with over a thousand tenants ranging from large corporations such as ABSA to small retailers and service providers. Bruce Cohen, general manager of M-Web interact ive, claims that The M-Web mall is designed to accelerate interest in online shopping by providing a one-stop shopping environment under on vir tual roof. 4) WEB ADVERTISING 4.1) The Nature of Web advertising It is estimated that there is more than five million commercial pages on the Web, more than 100 companies are going online daily and that net-watching has become a dedicated function within more progressive firms. Furthermore, companies that are online are more inclined to use this facility as a means for communicating new product developments (Rath, 1997). In practice, great achievements are being made in the sphere of Web advertising as the initial novelty of the concept wears off and experts in the field become more accustomed to the characteristics and dynamics of the Internet as an advertising tool (J. Matthee, personal communication, 20 April 1998). Nevertheless, the Internet is not yet a proven advertising medium and as such is untested, unregulated and unrefined (Swart.1996). This very situation often results in wise businesses approaching Internet advertising companies that possess the necessary expertise to a dvertise effectively on the Internet. The Internets lack of intrusiveness as a medium (see Section 7) implies that direct marketing requires action by the consumer. In order to induce this required action, an advertiser needs to know his audience intensely in order to be able to entice brows ers to enter the site. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the advertising agency not only to incorporate above-the-line strategies but also to include the below-the-line strategies in all their Internet clients campaigns 4.2) Web advertising Channels The origins of Web advertising are ironically rooted in what many consider as a frustrating method called spamming whereby messages concerning products or business information were sent at random to Internet users e-mail addresses. This crude form of ad vertising can be likened to common junkmail found in a postbox among things of relevance such as personal mail and bills. Things have progresses somewhat and a number of channels have become avai lable to the business interested in Web advertising and rega rdless of which channel is decided upon it is common practice to approach an online agency for aide (J. Matthee, pesonal communication, 20 April 1998). Creating an Electrical Storefront Thousands of businesses have established a home page on the Internet which offer a wide variety of information such as: descriptions of the company and its products; a company catalogue describing products features, availability and prices, company news, opportunities to speak with staff members and the ability to place an order before leaving the site. The main objective of these sites is brand building. Another aim may be to support an event and in this case the page may be temporary. When a company decides to open an electronic storefront it has two choices: 1) The company can open its own store on the Internet through a Web server or; 2) The company can buy a location on commercial online service. The online service will typically desig n the electronic storefront for the company and advertise its addition to the shopping mall for a limited period of time (Kotler, 1997). Participating in Forums, Newsgroups and Bulletin Boards These groups are not designed for commercial purposes especially but participation may improve a companys visibility and credibility. Bulletin boards are specialised online services that centre on a specific topic or group. Forums are discussion groups l ocated on commercial online services and may operate a library, a conference room for real time chatting, and even a classified advertisement directory. Finally, newsgroups are the Internets version of forums, but are limited to people posting and message s on a particular topic, rather than managing libraries or conferencing (Kotler, 1997). Placing Advertisements Online A number of ways exist for companies or individuals or companies who wish to place advertisements on commercial online services. Firstly, major commercial online services offe r an advertisement section for listing classified advertisements whereby the ads are listed according to when they arrived with the most recent arrivals topping the list. Secondly, ads can be placed in certain newsgroups that are set up for commercial purposes. Thirdly, ads can be placed on online billboards. This method can be irrit ating to the browser because the advertisements appear while subscribers are using the service even though they did not request an ad (Kotler, 1997). A fourth option is to hire an advertising agency to create and place an advertisement at a popular site on the Web, similar to buying timeslots on a television channel. Advertising on search engines such as Lycos and Yahoo also proves to be effective although very expensive (J. Matthee, personal communication, 20 April 1998). Using E-mail A company can encourage prospects and customers to send questions, suggestions, and even complaints to the company, using the company using the companies E-mail address. Customer service representatives can respond to the customers in a short time via E-m ail (Kotler, 1997). 5) WEB ADVERTISING DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA In South Africa, the Internet is still restricted to very niched market providing companies with the chance to exploit this opportunity and build a database of visitors to their site. This situation is quite obviously attributable to the economics of Sout h Africas social class structure. This is an advantage because marketers can use this information to create accurate profiles of the visitors to their site and develop personalised advertising efforts, which are especially crucial in the sphere of Web ad vertising. Currently, in South Africa, Computicket (http://www.computicket.com) has taken the lead in online bookings although services that are provided by Computicket naturally lean towards the use of the Internet as a medium (Douvos, 1996). David Frankel of Internet Solutions summed up the South African situation neatly by sayin g that . People are still getting their hands around it the Internet and working out how to make money out of it. I dont think that anyone is doing so at prese nt in South Africa, although a lot of people are trying. IS-Commercial a division Internet Solutions scored a South African first in 1996 in the development of a software engine that searched only South African Web resources. This introduced a new aspect to Web advertising in South Africa as it means that local Web users no longer have to sift through a colossal amount of topical hypertext links from around the globe. Advertising on the South African Web has surely benefited from this development which makes South African relevant material far more accessible a nd therefore implies increases Web site hit rates. The search engine that was developed is called Ananzi and is currently the second most hit Web site in the country. Advertisers now have the opportunity of placing an icon on this page which immediately g ives them a f ormidable brand prescience (Williams, 1997). A host of Web page advertising companies have sprung up in South Africa, including an upstart from Port Elizabeth, called Web Advertising, which have succeeded in forming a technology and capability sharing association with the United States advertising a gency Web advertising (Perlman, 1996). After unprecedented growth in the Internet in 1996, The Loerie awards included a new category in 1997 dedicated to Web creativity and corporate use of the Internet. 6) WEB ADVERTISING AND THE BUSINESS 6.1) Introduction Companies are increasingly recognising the importance of applying a full-systems perspective in using their communication tools. The aim is to set the overall communication budget and the right allocation of funds to each communication tool. Web advertis ing is becoming a more and more vital component of a firms advertising budget and therefore demands sensible and rational consideration and planning. The dynamics and relative novelty of Web advertising makes it crucial that the progressive business, which is proposing a Web advertising campaign, draw up a comprehensive advertising program. It is vital for organisations that are considering an Internet marketing strategy to effectively coordinate each component. The bottomline is that organisations are putting themselves into the global marketplace. It is thus important for people to be crit ical of what works well and what meets their need with an Internet marketing strategy (Perlman, 1996). By using the standard advertising program process (Kotler, 1997) as a base, it is simple to outline the characteristics of the Internet which a business must take into consideration when planning a Web advertising campaign. The various steps involved in t he process of planning an advertising program are depicted in section 5.2.1 below and the specific characteristics of the Internet are superimposed into this framework in section 5.2.2 through section 5.2.7. 6.2) Developin g and Managing an Advertising Program 6.2.1) Introduction to the Advertising Program Process In developing an advertising program, marketing managers must always start by identifying the target market and buyer motives. This applies, perhaps even more so, to the new advertising alternative represented by the Internet. The next step is to make fiv e major decisions in developing an advertising campaign, known as the five Ms: * Mission: What are the advertising objectives? * Money: How much can be spent? * Message: What message should be sent? * Media: What media should be used? * Measurement: How should the results be evaluated? 6.2.2) SWOT Analysis This step is a necessity when studying the feasibility of any intended business proposition and when the planning of that operation takes place. It involves a study of the firms internal strengths and weaknesses as well as the external opportunities and threats presented by circumstances in the environment. Web advertising provides a spec ial challenge to marketers and planners due to its relative infancy, which brings previously un-encountered circumstances to the fore. In terms of internal strengths and weaknesses, it is common practice at this stage in Web advertising for businesses to approach Internet service providers such as Adept Internet to manage the intricacies of advertising on the Internet. Therefore, issues concerning ability to actually place an effective advertisement on the Internet are shifted to specialised companies. According to Trafex managing director David Pegg few organisations have the technical skills and financial resources to establish a nd manage a sophisticated private trading network. It makes sense for companies to focus on their core business and let experts look after their trading partner connections. The study of external threats and opportunities in Web advertising largely involves market analysis and the attempt to identify the companys typical customer, how they can be enticed to visit the companys web site and how they can convinced to keep on v isiting the web site. Web site design companies and dedicated tracing companies who try to check the demographics of a visitor to site are coming to the fore, creating an entirely new industries in the process (Perlman, 1996). Research in South Africa cla ssifies the Web user base as a niche, particularly from the point of view that the users tend to share characteristics that make them a targetable segment. Profile of the model Web user: Internet surfers would certainly be considered technologically progr essive, innovators and early-adopters. In terms of demographic profiles, the mean age of users worldwide is around 35 years, with approximately 50% having tertiary education and mostly earning A incomes. Male users have outnumbered female users in the pas t but gender parity has recently been reached (Rath, 1997). 6.2.3) Advertising objectives It is not uncommon with the advent of the Internet and the advertis ing possibilities that it provides that many companies become rash in their plans for Web advertising. This can be disastrous without first analysing the objectives of a promotion via the web. The essence of the medium is still to be assessed in relation to the way business can be conducted. 6.2.4) How much can be spent? The direct set up costs to the marketer are likely to be in excess of R100 000 for an above-average site but, further to this cost, are costs if site maintenance, enhancements and server storage. The direct and indirect costs of Web site development are t herefore not insignificant, requiring considerable capital, time and energy to establish and to keep it alive (Rath, 1997). Smaller scale businesses, for example a coffee shop such as Fandango in Stellenbosch, which wishes to utilise Web advertising, can expect to pay from R1000 for web site design. A site such as this could be linked to four other sites and also requires cons tant maintenance which often entails h igher costs than the development of the Web site (J. Matthee, personal communication, 20 April 1998). 6.2.5) Message It should be stressed that Internet site development is part of the marketing function and does not fall within the realm of the Information Technology Department. Management is often tempted to allow the IT department to create a Web site because it woul d seem to offer the most cost-effective solution. However, the sites that have been designed by programmers are notable for their lack of creativity and generally do not entice the viewer. This, in essence, revolves around the question of the Web sites me ssage (Rath, 1997). The principles that apply to media such as television and radio are generally applicable to message formulation on a Web site although valuable information that is dynamic seems to be the key (J. Matthee, personal communication, 20 April 1998). 6.2.6) Medium The Internet as an advertising medium has a number of inherent advantages and disadvantag es which are discussed in section 7. 6.2.7) Measure and Evaluate Performance To quantify a Web sites contribution to revenue is often quite difficult. Where sales are generated more-or-less directly off the Net, the companys return on investment is a matter of simple arithmetic. However, where the company provides an added value service via the Net, the sites contribution to the bottom line is far less easy to quantify (Rath, 1997). In terms of actual Web site design effectiveness, processes are still largely undefined. Many online organisations do exist, however, that monitor and provide Web site statistics, namely number of hits and how for how long visitors stayed at the site, for a fee (J. Matthee, personal communication, 20 April 1998). Furthermore, information can be obtained detailing the demographics of visitors to a Web sit although this is more difficult. This can enable a company to measure the Web sites effectiveness in terms of reaching the companys target market. It is quite c ommon now for the Web itself to be used for research purposes with companies asking Web users for personal responses to products, sites and messages. This also provides feedback on the sites effectiveness and facilitates corrective action. 6.3) The Web site Itself 6.3.1) Web site Design Web site design is very much a grey area in terms of the fact that Web advertising is a relatively new addition to a business choice of promotional alternatives. However, guidelines do exist which can increase the chance of web site effectiveness. These i nclude questions such as: Who would use our service or product; how likely is our target market to be on the Net and who understands the culture of this new medium to create a site that encapsulates the brand, the culture and the practicality of web adver tising. Other aspects are the understanding of the need to employ the expertise of a company that specializes in design for an interactive medium. Incorporating a wealth of useful informat ion, interactive games and an ease of navigation through the site have also proved to increase Web site effectiveness (Joseph, 1997). Experience and creativity are most definitely necessary characteristics of a Web site designer who is usually employed by an Internet service provider such as Adept Internet. Feedback via methods that are mentioned in section 5.2.7 above could provide in dications of responses to Web site design. Once again, the principles applied in the television, radio and print media all apply to the design of a Web site. Fundamentals of consumer behaviour and psychology should be understood by anybody attempting to u ndertake commercial Web site design (J. Matthee, personal communication, 20 April 1998). 6.3.2) Web Site Maintenance As with any medium of advertising, an inferior display can be detrimental to a firms image. However, Web site maintenance due to its reliance on a newly developed technology must receive special attention. This explains why a company m ay induce greater expenditure in the maintenance of a Web site than in the actual design and creation of the sit e. Maintenance of a Web site has two implications: Firstly, information supplied by the site must be dynamic, that is, it must be updated regularly in order to draw browsers on the Net to revisit the site; secondly, the site must be checked regularly to e nsure that no errors have occurred in the content as a result of any damage to data for instance (J. Matthee, personal communication, 20 April 1998). An example of the second problem is clearly demonstrated by the printout of the coffee shop Fandangos We b site in which the main picture failed to load. See figure 1 in section 5.4 below. (Take note: John Matthee, who originally designed the site and who, as an employee of Adept Internet, is hired to handle the maintenance of the site, has since rectified the problem.) 6.4) Profiles of Examples Example1: Fandango The Fandango Web site provides an example of the importance of site maintenance. See figure 1. Example2: SAA This provides a successful example of advertising by means of putting up an entire site which serves a brand building exercise. The airlines site took all-important factors outlined above in section 5.3.1 into consideration and the result is self-evident. The site won the prestigious Magellan award which is contested for by two million sites. 7.) THE INTERNET AS AN ADVERTISING MEDIUM 7.1) Advantages . The demographics of the average Internet surfer are attractive enough to warrant their inclusion as an important niche market (Rath, 1997). The Web can be transformed into a research tool, a brand builder and an advertising medium in one swoop, something not offered by other media (Joseph, 1996). Furthermore, unlike other media where the advertising agency is the only link between the client and the media owner, the Web allows the client to become the media owner. From the companys point of view, by buying into the technology itself, a c ompany ha s the ability to enter the world of cyber marketing without the intervention of any intermediaries. Yet another competitive advantage of this medium is that it provides advertisers with reassuringly detailed demographics about who actually saw their advertisement, turning it into a marketing research as well as an advertising medium (Williams, 1996). Interactive media can operate in territories not covered by a vendors sales force. It can bring the showroom and the sales pitch to the buyers remote locations simply by dropping it in the post. 7.2) Disadvantages Lack of Intrusiveness The persuasive elements of the Internet advertisement usually lie at least one click away from the users current location and this requires the user to be sufficiently interested in the product or intrigued by the advertisement banner to click the to the advert. Limitations of Banners The Web has primarily been used for the presentation of text and graphics onto fairly small computer screens. Th is size limitation restricts the conventional Web ad to a banner asking the user to click here for more information. This in turn provides en dless creative restrictions (McDonald, 1997). Radical Fragmentation It is very difficult for any given site to draw enough attention to itself to attract an audience large enough to matter to an advertiser. 8) WEB ADVERTISING SCENARIOS FOR THE NEAR TERM FUTURE Scenario #1: Web site Shakeout There are good reasons to question whether the Web advertising pie will prove large enough to support the numerous commercial Web sites that are counting on it for sustenance. Recent reports that some publishers are scaling back their web publishing ambit ions, or shutting down sites altogether lend credence to the notion that there will be significant shakeout as commercial Web sites fail for lack of a viable business model (McDonald, 1997). Scenario #2:Advertising-content hybrids Advertisers who do not sell their products directly to consumers but still want to find a way to participate in interactive media will revert to a model that prevailed in the early days of television sponsorship. By sponsoring a site that consumers value, the advertiser will hope to build positive associations for the brand. The communication limitations of banners will be overcome by surrounding content with imagery related to the sponsoring brand. Where practical sponsor-friendly content will be interle aved will brand-neutral content. Though there will be some reaction against this hybridisation on the part of media critics and consumers alike, the form will probably still flourish as the digital equivalent of the infomercial (McDonald, 1997). Scenario#3: Internet service providers provoke privacy whiplash New generations of Internet service provider will emerge that will provide an extraordinarily sophisticated database that captures information on how individual subscribers use the Internet. This will enable the marketer to customise communications ba ck into the box in the subscribers home and hereby the Web will be able to live up to its promises of one-to-one marketing (McDonald, 1997). Scenario#4: Advertisements get detached from the media Marketers will be able to sent targeted information to subscribers on their past Web usage patterns regardless of what current Web sites they are visiting. In effect, they will be able to sell the audience to advertising directly without the intermediary of the media (McDonald, 1997). 9) CONCLUSION The Internets Multimedia arm, the World Wide Web, can support both consumer marketing and trade marketing objectives. The Web is where all the commercial activity and its importance as a new medium has been recognised to the extent that it will be measure d in all US media research from this year. The Web provides a company with access to a global audience of consumers in their millions, and also to a very wide range of companies (Rath, 1997) The Internet has provided marketers with exciting and challenging advertising prospects. There will undoubtedly be many lessons to be learned in the near-future concerning the intracacies and quirks of the medium. South Africa is technologically equipped to make full use of the Internets capabilities and South African marketers are provided with an opportunity to prove themselves to a very viable Internet market. In conclusion , the future of the Internet and Web advertising can be encapsulated through the words of John Matthee bigger and better, bigger and better. 10) References 1. David, F . R (1997). Concepts of Strategic Management (6th ed.) . New Jersey : Prentice Hall 2. Direct Marketing . Supplement 96. Marketing Mix; Vol. 14, lss 6, p 1 43, Jul.; 1996 3. Douvos, E. Net Sales Marketing Mix; Vol. 14, lss 7, p14, Aug., 1996 4. Hopkins, B. Beyond direct marketing. Market Mix; Vol. 14, lss 7,p10, Aug. 1996 5. Joseph, E, The wonderful wired world of Marketing; Internet: Technology. Marketing Mix, Vol. 14. Iss 7, p28 29, 31, 33 -34 , Aug., 1996 6. Kotler, P, (1997). Marketing Management (9th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall 7. Perlman,L. You get what you pay for: the bandwidth wars; Internet solution packages: Bundled solutions; If youve got it flaunt it: advertising: Internet. Finance week; Vol. 69; Iss 11, p 32, 34, June 13, 1996. 8. Rath, B. Marketing on the Web: net return. Marketing mix. Vol. 14, lss 3, p 88 -89, APR, 1996. 9. Styen , C. Introducing interactive. Marketing Mix. Vol. 14, Iss 7, p 14 Aug. 1996. 10. Swart, D. Techno Blitz. Marketing Mix; Vol. 14, lss 7, p 11. Aug., 1996 11. Williams F, Interview: David Frankel MD. at the Internet Solution Marketing Mix. Vol. 14, Iss 6, p 30 31, July , 1996 Bibliography References 1. David, F . R (1997). Concepts of Strategic Management (6th ed.) . New Jersey : Prentice Hall 2. Direct Marketing . Supplement 96. Marketing Mix; Vol. 14, lss 6, p 1 43, Jul.; 1996 3. Douvos, E. Net Sales Marketing Mix; Vol. 14, lss 7, p14, Aug., 1996 4. Hopkins, B. Beyond direct marketing. Market Mix; Vol. 14, lss 7,p10, Aug. 1996 5. Joseph, E, The wonderful wired world of Marketing; Internet: Technology. Marketing Mix, Vol. 14. Iss 7, p28 29, 31, 33 -34, Aug., 1996 6. Kotler, P, (1997). Marketing Management (9th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall 7. Perlman,L. You get what you pay for: the bandwidth wars; Internet solution packages: Bundled solutions; If youve got it flaunt it: advertising: Internet. Finance week; Vol. 69; Iss 11, p 32, 34, June 13, 1996. 8. Rath, B. Marketing on the Web: net return. Marketing mix. Vol. 14, lss 3, p 88 -89, APR, 1996. 9. Styen , C. Introducing interactive. Marketing Mix. Vol. 14, Iss 7, p 14 Aug. 1996. 10. Swart, D. Techno Blitz. Marketing Mix; Vol. 14, lss 7, p 11. Aug., 1996 11. Williams F, Interview: David Frankel MD. at the Internet Solution Marketing Mix. Vol. 14, Iss 6, p 30 31, July , 1996 Word Count: 5817 Miscellaneous .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c , .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c .postImageUrl , .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c , .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c:hover , .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c:visited , .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c:active { border:0!important; } .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c:active , .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d76b9c704bc422d1499c8daec0c057c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 12 Angry Men Essay We will write a custom essay on Web Advertising specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

10 Practical Steps to Help You Retire as a Millionaire

10 Practical Steps to Help You Retire as a Millionaire So you want to be a millionaire. Who doesn’t? You’re probably also thinking that there’s no chance in h-e-double-hockey-sticks that you could ever reach that stage by your retirement- at least not in your current job. But there are ways. And plenty of strategies you can employ to set yourself up to retire with that kind of cash. It won’t work for everyone, but at least if you follow these steps, you’ll have saved enough for your retirement.1. Save your money.It’s the simplest advice out there- and the hardest to follow. But if you put aside 20% of your earnings every year (even if you only make $40k) and put that into a 401(k), a combination of factors including investment, compound interest, matching funds, etc. nets you in the seven digits. 401(k)s are also typically protected from creditors in financial catastrophe. $10k a year (which would really only require you to save $5,760) can grow outrageously if invested wisely and you don’ t take anything out of your account until you’re over 70.2. Quit your vices.Millionaires are far less likely to smoke, be overweight and unhealthy, etc. This is because a) smoking is expensive, and b) so is poor health. Start eating quality food and taking care of yourself and you’ll last long enough to enjoy the money you save.3. Get married (and stay married).If this kind of commitment is in the cards for you, there can be significant financial benefits to matrimony. Two incomes. One set of expenses. Tax breaks. You do the math.4. Learn about the tax code.The tax code is the best pal of the rich. Learn about the stepped up basis loophole and learn how to factor deferred liabilities into your tax model. Once you know the rules and how they’re written, you can figure out how to exploit them for your gain.5. Think outside the box.There is no one way to accumulate wealth. And if there were, it probably wouldn’t be salaried or wage employment. The top 1% of households in this country spend only about half their time selling their time for money. Think about business ownership opportunities, personal investment, real estate, mutual funds, stocks, securities, etc.6. Geek out on finance.There are tons of resources out there for how you can make wealth happen for yourself. Learn about all of them: accounts and markets, entrepreneurship, etc. Read blogs and books about money management. Make a program that works for you and stick with it. In 50 years, you’ll be thrilled you did.7. Be prepared for the worst.Crises and emergencies do happen. Prepare yourself for this, rather than getting caught by surprise. Don’t let setbacks negatively impact your saving efforts. Have a rainy day fund to prepare in advance for setbacks.8. Save more as you are able.Once you start earning more, bump the amount you save from month to month. This will help the amount you’re hoarding to spiral into fatter and fatter sums. And don’t aut omatically increase your spending when you start earning more.9. Get/stay out of debt.Debt is not your friend. Make sure you stay as liquid and free from pesky interest rates as possible.10. Be patient.You won’t become a millionaire overnight. But you can start chipping away at a brighter financial future. It just takes making a plan, setting a goal, and sticking to it.

Mobile Messaging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mobile Messaging - Essay Example Studies have shown that currently, about one billion people in the world use mobile messaging services. This has been projected to grow to about two billion users in the next three years (Khalaf, 2014). Some of the mobile messaging platforms that have been widely used in the world include Facebook, Whatsapp, Snapchat, Kik and Messenger. Different users have different preferences when it comes to the choice of platform to be used. However, cases of use of multiple platforms are also common. With the increase in the use of smartphones, mobile messaging has also grown rapidly. Smartphones war has also been caused by the rise and popularity of mobile messaging applications. Handset manufacturing companies such as Samsung and Apple have fought fiercely in popularizing their smartphones basically as a result of the popularity of mobile messaging. Due to this rapid rise in the use of mobile messaging services, a lot of studies have been carried out on this topic. The studies have shown that the growth or increased use of mobile messaging supported by platforms such as Facebook, Snapchat, Messenger and Kik has impacted heavily on the society. The impacts of mobile messaging on the society have been both positive and negative. One of the straight forward advantages of the use of mobile messaging is that it provides a form of communication in the society. Mobile messaging is real time. The messages or data that is sent from one mobile phone handset to another is received in real time. This therefore allow for sharing of information very fast and hence providing a channel of communication. The current world is a world where communication has become an important element in the day today life of an individual. Mobile messaging, unlike calls, is free and therefore allows for communication just by few keystrokes. This has allowed people in various regions of the world to

Best practices in performance appraisal in government organizations Research Paper

Best practices in performance appraisal in government organizations - Research Paper Example Performance appraisal has been viewed as a crucial tool in the HRM and it helps in appraising the employee’s performances irrespective of the organizations they are working in. Government organizations have been pioneering in the field of performance appraisal of their employees. Since, government organizations have been serving the common people performance appraisal of these civil servants becomes mandatory. However, the requirement to mandate performance appraisal in the federal organization in order to measure performances is quiet evident. The civil servants of the system have faced certain backlogs in maintaining this standard of appraisal. The government of United States has been placing greater emphasis on the performance of their civil servants, for meeting up the expectations of their stakeholders and customers. However, one of the major problems faced by the government is regarding validating the standards of performance appraisal for maintaining transparency in the appraisal techniques (Maher, 2011). Moreover, it has also been observed that the current government workforce planning are lacking behind the set standards. This fragmented practice of the government, hinders their ability towards achieving their perceived targets. The unplanned structure of the government for the workforce management makes them deviate from their operations and results in lack of confidence within the people along with shattered market conditions (IBM, 2002). Government organization practices have largely been observed, to be the weakest while considering the performance appraisal approach. It has also been observed that many organizations, operating under the federal government, lacks proper tools for evaluating the performance appraisal of their employees (Rubin, 2011). The commercial institutions are more efficient in managing the employee performances and achieve their strategic goals. Moreover, the major backlog

On First Looking Into Chapmans Homer

On First Looking Into Chapmans Homer John Keats On First Looking into Chapmans Homer is a sonnet in which he writes of the impact of reading Chapmans translation of Homer. Reading Chapmans Homer did more than spark Keats intellect. Chapmans Homer caused a massive explosion in Keats mind which allowed him to write as John Middleton Murray says one of the finest sonnets in the English language (Murray). In this paper I will show that Keats writes the poem On First Looking into Chapmans Homer after he had an epiphany as a result of reading Chapmans translation of Homer. George Chapman was an English poet, dramatist, and translator during the Renaissance. He is most remembered as the poet who translated the works of Homer. He was born in Hitchin around 1559. Chapman died in poverty in 1634, but left a wealthy estate of writing for all to inherit. John Keats, born in 1795, was an English Poet. He published three books of poetry. Keats lost both parents at a very young age. Keats was not born into aristocracy, he was not rich, and therefore was not very well educated. Most critics did not consider Keats to be credible poet. Because he was poor he could not marry the woman he loved and only achieved fame after his death in 1821. Andrew Motion of the Richmond Review writes: The story of John Keats is one of the best known lives in literary history. His working class origins, poor critical reception and tragically early death constitute a perfect blueprint for a popular archetype of the Romantic Poet (Motion). The poem On Looking into Chapmans Homer was written after Keats and his friend Charles Cowden Clarke was given a copy of Chapmans Homer. Michael R. Richards states: Keatss sonnet is a criticism in miniature, a capsulated criticism very much in tune with almost all the Romantic critics (Richards). Evidently, Keats used the poem as a vehicle to reveal the hidden treasure of literary wealth regarding Homer and his literary works that was not mimed by Pope. Keats uses the Italian (Sonnet) or Petrarchan form of the sonnet to structure his poem. The octet, which is the first eight lines of the poem, carries an abba abba rhyme scheme. The next six lines of the poem, the sestet, have a rhyme scheme of cdcdcd. As expected, line 9 of the poem introduces a change in the poem, formally known as a Volta, commonly called a turn. In the octet, Keats speaks of travels he experienced vicariously through his reading. Keats vivid imagination allows him to enter into the pages of the books and the words were as sparks causing his intellect to catch fire. In concert with the theme of Petrarchan sonnets, Keats uses the octet to introduce the problem when he writes: Oft of one wide expanse had I been told / That deep-browd Homer ruled as his demesne / Yet did I never breathe its pure serene / Till I heard Chapman speak out loud and bold. (5-8) First, it is fitting to look at the words used in the poem. Keats uses language that depicts expansive travel, major discovery, and an enriching sense of satisfaction. Using words like much, states, kingdoms, many, and islands, he successfully communicates that his travel was plentiful and varied. Next, he intimates discovery by alluding to astrologers finding new planets, and the imagery of Cortez first seeing the Pacific Ocean. Keats encapsulates the fact that he had heard of Homer and the euphoria of the vast impact of the newly acquired insight by declaring: Yet did I never breathe its pure serene / Till I heard Chapman speak out loud and bold / Then felt I like some watcher of the skies / when a new planet swims into his ken/ or like Stout Cortez when with eagle eyes / he stard at the Pacific. (6-11) Keats reading experiences in general, and more his specifically, reading of Chapmans Homer was so prolific, that he could only describe it in the sestet with metaphors and similes that bespeak grandeur of expanse, height and depth. The overarching metaphor is reading presented as travel. Hiliary S. Brautigam, in her essay, Controlled Passion writes: Keats dramatically establishes the narrative with the arresting first line, drawing the reader into the overarching metaphor that encompasses the poem (Bressler). A surface reading of the poem misleads the reader into believing that Keats is a man who has travelled to many places. Keats writes: Much have I travelld in the realms of gold / And many goodly states and kingdoms seen. / Round many western islands have been / Which bards in fealty to Apollo hold. (1-4) A closer inspection of the poem reveals that the word much quantifies travel that was done figuratively and not literally. So in this instance there is a twist of irony and there is also the masterful use of binary opposition whereby much is less in terms of Keats actual travel, but it is volumes in terms of travel through reading. The same mastery holds true for the concept of travel. As defined by Dictionary.Com to travel is: to move or go from one place or point to another(Dictionary.com). Denotatively, the word travel means moving between physical spaces; however, in Keats case, travel is not between physical spaces, but is over miles on mental projection. While Keats hero, Homer, though blind, travelled extensively, the vast majority of Keats travel was in the space of his reading. The further use of simile and metaphor makes an excellent segue for Keats use of imagery. Keats writes: Then felt I like some watcher of the skies / When a new planet swims into his ken / Or like stout Cortez when with eagle eyes / He stard at the Pacific and all his men (9-12). The simile watcher of the skies speaks of people who studied the science of astronomy. In the historical context, watchers of the skies or, astrologers are people who studied the skies. According to Chris Lawton, From around 3000 BC onwards, astronomy in its most primitive form had developed (Lawton). In the religious context, watchers of the skies were called Egyptian Magi, wise men, who were able to look at the skies and gain the knowledge and wisdom to predict events. The religious value of Magi can be found throughout the Holy Bible. For example, Matthew, in Matthew 2:1, 7 writes: Now when Jesus was born à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦there came wise men from the east to Jerusalem Then Herod à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ enquired of them diligently what time the star appeared (Matthew). Thus, Keats pronouncement that he felt like a watcher of the skies strongly implies the degree of wonder and amazement he felt when reading Chapmans translation of Homer. It was, for Keats, as though he became aware of a celestial event. Interestingly, the title of the poem On First Looking into Chapmans Homer the emphasis on Chapmans Homer alludes to the fact that Keats was aware of the interpretation of Homer as translated by the English Poet, Alexander Pope. Michael Richards writes: Keats had been previously acquainted with Homer, only through Popes translations, translations that Keats found artificial (Richards). Further, Richards claims: The Romantics criticisms of Pope and Chapman agreed with Keats in that it condemns the flaccidity, the polluted poetic diction, and the artificiality of Popes translation and praised the strength, purity, and originality of Chapmans (Richards). Until Keats read the translation by George Chapman, there was no awakening in him. Furthermore, the use of the word looking in the title employs irony and imagery masterfully. According to Dictionary.Com: look may be defined as: to investigate; to see (Dictionary.Com). It is fair to conclude that Keats reading and understanding of Chapmans Homer was so thorough that Keats could see by visualization the events, places, and people in Chapmans translation. In addition, the overarching themes of travel and discovery may very well be complimented by a theme of enlightenment or awakening. Through a theme of enlightenment or awakening, it may be argued that when Keats read Chapmans Homer, it was not the first time that Keats had heard of Homer; however, it was the first time that the life, legacy, and literary contributions of Homer united with the literary experiences and convictions of Keats, giving birth to a synergistic awakening which unleashed Keats creativity. Keats declaration of hearing Chapman speak out loud and bold is the climatic moment when he felt and understood the power of Chapmans translation. Keats believes that Chapman illuminated Homer better than any other poet. The Sestet of the poem shows an overpowering word picture. There is a picture of bewildering excitement, star-struck awe, and fulfilling silence, much like a lover anticipating a climax, then experiencing the climax, and after the climax, falling into a breathless, trance-like fulfilled silence. Keats writes: Then felt I like some watcher of the skies / When a new planet swims into his ken; / Or like stout Cortez when with eagle eyes / He stard at the Pacificand all his men Lookd at each other with a wild surmise / Silent, upon a peak in Darien. (9-14) As is expected of Italian Sonnets, there is a clear denouement in the sestet. The depictions of Cortez as stout and eagle-eyed are additional and effective uses of simile and metaphor that enhances the imagery. The word stout commonly evokes physical images of being hefty, round, bulky or fat. But, coupled with the expression eagle-eye, it most likely identifies with this interpretation as defined by Dictionary.Com: having endurance or staying power (Dictionary.com). It is a widely known fact that the vision of eagles is superior to that of humans. While lauding the superior vision of Cortez to identify the Pacific Ocean, Keats also shows the precision with which he scoured Chapmans interpretation. Thus, by combining stout with eagle-eye, the poem highlights the strength, stamina and precision of not only Cortez but also that of Keats. The allusions to strength and stamina bolsters Keats strong use of metaphors, simile, and imagery. The strength of these literary elements is testament to Keats belief that Chapmans Homer is superior to that of Popes. In the poe m, Keats atttributes the discovery of the Pacific Ocean to Cortez and not Balboa. It is not clear whether Keatss attribution was as a result of a careless scholastic approach, or, whether the attribution was as a result of the deliberate use of poetic conceit which is using extended metaphors to create an image. What is crystal clear though, is the fact that with diction, imagery, the use metaphor and simile, and the application of binary oppositions and irony, Keats allows the reader to envision how he felt when the life and works of Homer as offered by Chapman touched his pysche. The impact of Chapmans Homer complimented Keats historical, social and political perspectives. In October 1816 during the Romanic Era Keats penned On First Looking into Chapmans Homer. As was fitting during the Romantic Era, Keats glorified Homer in the poem. Of course, in the neoclassic era, Homers individual heroism would be frowned upon, since neoclassics preferred people who conformed to social norms. Like Homer, Keats elevates the art of using metaphors. Again, Like Homer, Keats also combines the art of using simile and metaphor to bring to life a literary work that might otherwise be mundane. Here is a comparison of how Homer and Keats combined similes and metaphors. Homer writes: The two immortals stepped briskly as wild doves, quivering, keen to defend the fighting men of Argos. (Fagles) Keats writes: Then felt I like some watcher of the skies / When a new planet swims into his ken (9-10). It is evident that Keats discovered the value of Homers use of metaphors and immediately made use of this powerful literary tool. In summation, I submit that Keats ability as a poet and his understanding of the purpose and elements of Poetry, in particular, imagery, simile and metaphors were awakened by Chapman because Chapman captured the essence of using similes, metaphors, and imagery and gave life to writing about Homer. Apparently, after observing Chapmans use of metaphor and gaining a deeper understanding of the power of the use of metaphor and simile, Keats appreciation for them as literary elements grew. Based on his newfound understanding, it is possible to assert that Keats view of Homer, as seen through the scope of Popes translation appeared tumultuous. However, Chapmans translation depicted a much clearer view of a man whose territory is serene. Chapmans translation was the catalyst for Keats climatic epiphany. Keats was able to clearly articulate how he felt before reading Chapmans Homer and how he felt after reading Chapmans Homer. The excitement felt by Keats as he discovered new truths about Ho mer and his work, is one that is shared and should be shared by any person seeking higher learner. John Keats so brilliantly and effectively conveyed the emotions he felt as he uncovered the dynamics of Homer that readers of the poem are drawn into the excitement of travel and discovery metaphorically. The imagery of Keats first as a poet who is reading for knowledge, then as an astronomer gazing into new truths, and finally as a explorer realizing that he had discovered a new world of literary skill was very vivid. The impact of Keatss discovery fueled him to demonstrate the skill and document the experience. As a result future students, poets, writers, translators, interpreters, and lovers of the literary world have a good specimen of the effectiveness of imagery, simile, and metaphor. The words of Keats following below are a fitting conclusion to his discovery of power of the metaphor. Keats writes: Oft of one wide expanse had I been told / That deep-browd Homer ruled as his deme sne / Yet did I never breathe its pure serene / Till I heard Chapman speak out loud and bold. WORK CITED Bressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson, Prentice Hall, 2007. Dictionary.com. 10 July 2010 . Dictionary.com. 15 July 2010 . Dictionary.com. 19 July 2010 . Fagles. Think Quest .Org. 10 July 2010 . Lawton, Chris. tcp.co.uk. 5 July 2010 . Matthew.Blue Letter Bible. 8 July 2010 Motion, Andrew. Richmond Review. 27 August 2010 .